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2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章:Graft work进入阅读模式

2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章:Graft work 进入阅读模式 点我咨询

2015-01-27 11:05:58| 来源:考研考试网

即使是对那些还没有东窗事发的公司,搞贿赂的生意也是一摊烂账。2013年由哈佛商学院和美国国经济研究局的研究表明,行贿公司虽然在一些腐败国家的赢得了更的销售额,但实际上由于降低了利润率而蒙受损失。根据经合组织的调查,平均的行贿支出占到交易额的11%和相关利润的35%。

Nevertheless, graft remains alive and well. One of the OECD report's authors told aconference this week that 390 cases are under investigation—not far short of the totalnumber resolved since the OECD convention took effect 15 years ago. The number of casesconcluded each year has dipped since a peak in 2011 as the time taken to completeinvestigations and prosecutions has climbed to more than seven years, from under four in2008.

即使这样,贪腐仍然搞得有声有色。经合组织报告的一位作者在本周的一次会议上谈到目前正在调查390起案件,与自从经合组织公约15年前生效以来已了结总案件数差的不远了。每年结案的数量自从2011年达到峰值以来逐年下降,因为那正开展面调查和起诉,从2008年不到4起攀升到七年来的峰的时候。

One possible reason for the slowdown is that bribery techniques are growing moresophisticated and thus harder to detect. Another could be the widespread use of opaquecorporate structures to conceal wrongdoing. These can be devilishly difficult to unpick,especially when they are stacked in several layers and fronted by nominee directors. Anonymousshell companies and other intermediaries—sometimes dressed up as “consultants”—were usedto move or to house payments in more than 70% of cases. The OECD report underlines theimportance of cracking down on the misuse of shell companies and enforcing more clarity overownership of companies and trusts, whether through accessible corporate registers—amove being pushed by some G20 countries, led by Britain—or by tougher regulation of serviceproviders that do the paperwork for new firms.

放缓的原因之一是收受贿赂的手段越来越玄妙,从而更难于察觉。另一个原因可能是普遍使用的不透明公司结构隐匿了丑行。剥离这些结构异常艰难,特别当是这种组织层层堆叠,由提名董事来在前面顶缸的时候。在70%的案例中,匿名的皮包公司和其他中间人(通常扮演“顾问公司”角色)用来转移或隐匿所支付款项。经合组织的报告凸显了打击滥用空壳公司和明晰公司及信托公司权属的重要性,要么是方便的公司注册检索(一些G20国家推动了该项运动,由英国牵头),要么对负责经办新公司事宜的服务商的严格监管。

1.such as 例如;譬如;诸如

Issues such as these were not really his concern.

他其实并不关心诸如此类的问题。

They offer tips on topics such as home safety.

他们就家居安等问题提供建议。

2.result in 引起,导致

Consensus need not be weak, nor need it result inmiddle-of-the-road policies.

一致的意见不一定就没有影响力,也不一定就会导致走中间路线的政策。

High temperatures also result in high evaporation from the plants.

温也导致了植物水分的大量蒸发。

3.tend to 倾向于;趋向

We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.

我们往往每周共进一次午餐。

Older mothers tend to be too idealistic about the pleasures of motherhood.

较年长的母亲往往对身为人母的乐趣过于理想化。

4.difficult to 难以

It would be difficult to find two men who were more dissimilar.

很难找到彼此间差异更大的人了。

There's no petrol, so it's very difficult to transport goods.

没有汽油,因此很难运输货物。

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