省译就是把原文需要但译文多余的词省去,但要注意减的是词而非意。那到底什么情况下需要省译呢?这首先得明确英汉差异,英语有冠词,而汉语没有,英语有关联词语,汉语会通过逻辑关系来代替。因此,英译汉时,可以根据需要省掉原文中的冠词和某些代词,介词、关联词等。具体来看例子。
【例1】The development of the productive powers of society..... alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society.
单凭社会生产能力的发展这一点就能为社会生产能力的更高形式打下坚实基础,成为更高一级社会形式的根基。(省略冠词)
【例2】I’ve been rich and I’ve been poor—and I can tell you, rich is better.
富裕也罢,贫穷也罢,我都经历过。说实话,富裕当然胜过贫穷。(省略关联词和已出现过的作主语的人称代词)
【例3】In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities.
换而言之,只有富足的经济才能使每个社会成员的自我需求得到充分满足。这种满足体现在工作中施展才能或是在不断丰富的休闲活动中尽情放松。(省略物主代词)
【例4】In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before.
结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。(省略介词)
【例5】one is never too old to learn.
活到老,学到老。(增加人称代词)
【例6】The only cure fro envy in the case of ordinary men and women is happiness, and the difficulty is that envy is itself a terrible obstacle to happiness.(省略名词)
对于普通人而言,治疗妒忌的唯一办法是快乐,然而困难在于,妒忌本身就是快乐的巨大障碍。
【例7】Inevitably China will suffer some losses and reversals when doing business in the U.S, especially in the initial stages.
在美国做生意,尤其是一开始,中方不可避免地会有些损失。(省略关联词)
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