5. The lack of insistence on personal honor, the surface informality, the disparaging responses to compliments, and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition, as are the Americans’ pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection.
分析:该句的主句由四个并列的名词短语做主语,即The lack of insistence…,the surface informality, the disparaging responses…和willingness to admit mistakes。另外,值得一提的是, as 引导的比较状语从句使用了倒装语序。这是为了保持句子平衡。
译文:美国人一方面对所取得的成就感到自豪,一方面又对未臻完美的事物进行批评,这是其平等主义传统的一部分;同样,他们不坚持个人的面子,不拘表面的礼节,对别人的称赞采取自贬的态度,以及愿意承认错误,也是其平等主义传统的一部分。
6. Green, hilly, with abundant trees, it was a beautiful country, the Virginia-Kentucky border territory——or would have been, except for the mines.
分析:和it was a beautiful country 并列的分句(it) would have been是虚拟语气,后面省略了a beautiful country。Green, hilly, with abundant trees修饰a beautiful country,放在主句前是为了强调。
7. That is why women remain children their whole life long: never seeing anything but what is quite close to them, clinging to the present moment, taking appearance for reality, and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.
分析:该句中,四个现在分词短语构成并列结构,做状语。对前面的表语从句进行补充说明。
译文:那就是为什么妇女一生都不成熟:从来都只看见眼前的事情,都只抓住眼前的一刻,都把表面当本质,都倾心于琐事而放过至关重要的事。
8. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.
分析:该句有两个并列的由and 连接的原因状语从句,都是由since引导,available to the poor修饰money, purchasable with a given supply of money修饰the amount of power。主句中的从句unless accompanied by other measures分割了is likely和to be ineffective in a wealthy society。
译文:但是,既然贫穷与穷人可得到的货币绝对供应量无关,而是无权力所造成的,既然用一定量的货币所能购买的权力量随着一个社会获得的商品和服务量的增加而下降,那么提穷人收入的解决办法在一个富裕社会很可能不会奏效,除非同时采取其他的措施。
9. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.
分析:old story是句子的表语,后面有两个介词短语做定语。它们在结构上是相同的,在连词until后面都有状语从句。翻译时也要译成两个平行的句子。
•省略句
英语中词的省略现象很多。其目的是为了符合英语表达习惯和修辞特点。省略词语决不是可以随意增删词句,而是要须遵循以下几条原则:
1) 可有可无的,或是多余的。
2) 省略的词义已经体现在上下文中。
阅读时,须根据上下文找出英语中省略的词语翻译时再根据汉语的习惯进行适当增补。
1.Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.
分析:介词短语by seeing which side…前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side与saying that that side which has killed most has won是介词by后的两个并列成分。
译文:打仗意味着残杀,。文明的民族应该能够找到某种解决争端的方法,而不是看哪一方能消灭另一方更多的人,然后说杀人多的一方获来解决争端。者不仅了,而且还因为利而有理。
2. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
分析:这是一个由but连接的并列句。其中第二个分句的主语是一个主语从句。由于该主语从句的主谓宾与第一个分句相同,所以被部省略。只剩下疑问副词how。
译文:任何东西,从宇宙射线到辐射,以至日常饮食,都可能激活潜伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。
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