British politics
英国政治
Farage against the machine
法拉奇反抗主流政坛
Mainstream politicians seeking to rival the populismof Nigel Farage's party are on a hiding to nothing
主流政客寻找机会对抗奈吉尔·法拉奇的民粹主义政党,但这是毫无算的
INSURGENT populist parties are now a familiar feature of the European political landscape, yettheir rise is so recent and so sharp that it still has the power to shock the mainstream. In by-elections on October 9th the right-wing UK Independence Party (UKIP), which wants to stopimmigration and pull Britain out of the European Union, not only won its first parliamentaryseat, which it took from the Conservative Party, but also nearly grabbed one from the LabourParty, which hitherto regarded UKIP as the Tories' problem. Polls since the by-election haveput the party anywhere from 13% to 25% of the vote nationally. Next month another by-election offers UKIP the chance to grab another Tory seat.
离经叛道的民粹政党现在已经是欧洲政坛的常客了,他们的崛起是如此的迅速而突然,震惊了主流政党。在10月9日的递补选举中,右翼的英国立党(UKIP)主张反对移民和脱离欧盟,他们不仅从保守党手里第一次赢得了国会议席,还差一点赢了一直将其视为托利派的“眼中钉”的劳工党。自从递补选举之后的民意调查显示,英国立党的国得票率已经从13%上升到25%了。下个月的另一场递补选举让该党有机会进一步从保守党派手中夺得更多议席。
Neither David Cameron, the Tory prime minister, nor Ed Miliband, Labour's leader, has muchsympathy for UKIP's positions. But both are trimming their policies in an effort to emulate theinsurgent's success. To placate his party's perennially disaffected right—from which two MPshave so far defected to UKIP—Mr Cameron has promised to renegotiate freedom of movementwithin the European Union ahead of a referendum on Britain's membership. He is now beingurged to say that if he fails in that renegotiation, he would advocate leaving the EU. MrMiliband, under pressure to produce a rival populist offer as Labour's vote crumbles to UKIPin the party's northern redoubts, has come up with an incoherent promise to crack down onimmigrant welfare-claimants.
不管是保守派的首相大卫·卡梅伦还是劳工党的党魁艾德·米利班德,都不完认同英国立党的定位,但这两个政党也正在参照立党的主张调整各自的政策,以求获得和立党类似的。为了安抚党内一直存在的右翼成员的不满情绪——很多国会已经倒戈到了立党——卡梅伦已经承诺会在举行英国加入会员公投之前,重新协商欧盟之间人员出入自由的问题。他现在已经不得不表示如果在重新协商中失败,他可能会支持英国脱离欧盟。米利班德迫于压力提出了和竞争对手民粹党派类似的提案,许诺会向移民福利索赔人施压,以此来防止更多在北部阵地的劳工党投票人倒向英国立党。
There are three problems with this approach. First, Britain's EU membership and high level ofimmigration bring it huge benefits in terms of economic growth, cultural vibrancy and clout.Abandoning either would, in this paper's view, weaken the country in a multitude of ways.Indeed, the two other parties should spend far more time pointing out the contradictions inUKIP's back-of-a-beer-mat economics.
有三个问题。首先,英国的欧盟成员国资格和大量的移民非常有利于英国的经济增长以及文化的活力和影响力。本刊认为,缺少任何一个条件都会在各个方面削弱国家实力。确实,这两个政党应该花更多时间指出英国立党经济政策的矛盾之处。
Second, pandering to UKIP will not work, because it misreads the nature of the party's appealto a core of disgruntled, down-at-heel, poorly skilled voters, in bad jobs or no jobs. Havingbeen most damaged by the downturn, then by austerity, they will be the last to feel thebenefits of the recovery. Their main complaint, echoed across the Western world, is againstpowerful and irreversible economic trends—globalisation and automation—from which they arethe losers. Their antipathy towards the EU and immigration is part of a wider deep-seatedinsecurity that is hard for any politician to assuage. UKIP's solutions would make thedisaffected worse, not better, off, as business and jobs migrated elsewhere. Besides, manysuch voters trust establishment politicians like Mr Cameron and Mr Miliband so little that theywould not believe them even if they did promise the same sort of things as Nigel Farage, UKIP'sengagingly blokeish leader.
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