日本汽车制造商
Lots of oomph
活力无穷
Japan's small-car firms are defying the industry'sget-big-or-die imperative
日本的小厂商们正在与“要么大,要么死”这一条金科玉律抗争
ONE of the conundrums of the car business is thatfive smaller Japanese firms continue to prosper alongside three giants, Toyota, Nissan andHonda. In theory, those in the second division—Mazda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki and Subaru—shouldlong ago have merged with rivals at home or abroad, or fallen by the wayside. Daihatsu isalready controlled by Toyota, which has a 51% stake in the firm. They all sell 1m-2m vehicles ayear. Sergio Marchionne, boss of Fiat Chrysler, once said that 6m was the minimum required forcarmakers to have a hope of turning a profit.
目前,汽车产业里有着这样一个费解的情况:在三大巨头(丰田Toyota、日产Nissan和本田Honda)的身旁,五家较小的日本公司能够持续地取得出色业绩。理论上来说,这些第二梯队成员(马自达Mazda、三菱Mitsubishi、铃木Suzuki和斯巴鲁Subaru)应该早已被国内或国外的对手所兼并,或是退出历史长河。拥有大发汽车(Daihatsu)51%股权的丰田汽车公司,早已控制了前者的生产经营。以上所提到的五家较小的制造商,他们每年各自约卖出100万至200万辆汽车。而菲亚特克莱斯勒(Fiat Chrysler)的老板SergioMarchionne曾表示,对于汽车制造商来说,“600万辆”是想要获得盈利所须达到的低销售总额。
The second-tier firms seem more determined than ever to disprove the notion that globalscale and huge volumes are indispensable. Suzuki is a relative minnow with a strongpresence in only one big market outside Japan—India. But not long ago it withdrew from analliance with Germany's Volkswagen (VW), which could have helped it sell small and cheapvehicles in developed markets overseas.
这些第二梯队公司似乎比以往任何时候都更有决心,去反驳这样一个观点:业务规模和巨量销售额都是不可或缺的。除去日本本土市场以外,铃木汽车只在印度取得了耀眼的成绩,相比于其他制造商来说十分不起眼。但就在不久之前,该公司退出了与德国大众汽车(Volkswagen (VW))所结成的商业联盟,而后者本应该能帮助铃木汽车进入海外发达国家市场,以销售旗下的小型廉价车辆。
Mazda, an even smaller firm, gladly parted ways with Ford. The American carmaker began towind down its stake in 2008 to raise cash and avoid bankruptcy. The two firms had workedtogether since 1979. Subaru, part of Fuji Heavy Industries, a conglomerate, reportedly chafesat the 16.5% stake that Toyota, the world's biggest carmaker, holds in it. One obvioussolution for the sub-scale firms—mergers with the biggest three—seems a distant prospect.
马自达汽车,作为一家与铃木相比规模更小的公司,欣然地脱离了福特汽车(Ford)的怀抱。为了筹措现金和避免破产,福特汽车公司在2008年开始逐步抛售所拥有的马自达汽车股份。这两家公司从1979年开始就成为了合作伙伴。而与此同时据报道称,作为富士重工(Fuji Heavy Industries)集团的一份子,斯巴鲁汽车正对丰田公司(球大的制造商)所拥有的该公司16.5%的股份表示不满。对于与三大巨头联合的小规模制造商来说,那个“显而易见”的脱困方案,现在反倒成了一份“遥远的期待”。
It helps that all are making generous profits after years of losses. A weaker currency meansthey are well-nigh printing money, notes Max Warburton of Sanford C. Bernstein, an equity-research firm. Subaru and Mazda, the biggest exporters among the five, are enjoying recordsales in North America. Subaru now outsells VW there. The Japanese small-fry are also moreprofitable than most firms in the industry.
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