[误]There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.
[正]There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.
[析] 有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加's如:Mary's car.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如:teachers' offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾,则只加’s,如:children's palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加's如:girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上,如:It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加's,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's,如:This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone的家。
[误]It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.
[正]It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.
[析] 无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示长度的词:three metres' distance, a boat's length, twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名词:two pounds' weight价格名词:two dollars'worth拟人化的名词:Nature's work, nature's lesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:the university's library
[误]He is an old friend of my father.
[正]He is an old friend of my father's.
[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:This pen is Tom's.
[误]My father is a good cooker.
[正]My father is a good cook.
[析] 一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想 家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推,比如cook是动词“做饭”。而 cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲,而cooker则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。
[误]The young is dancing there.
[正]The young are dancing there.
[析] 英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词,如:the rich 富人,the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词,如:The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。
[误]The stories of the book was written many years ago.
[正]The stories of the book were written many years ago.
[析]这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词。
[误]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionary.
[正]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionaries.
[析]one of意为“……之一”,of后面的名词要用复数形式。
[误]Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.
[正]Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.
[析]uncle Wang's 意为“王叔叔家”,doctor's意为“医院或私人诊所”。
[误]I think we will make a friend with each other.
[正]I think we will make friends with each other.
[析]make friends 为习惯用法,即交朋友。
[误]I want to tell you much pieces of good news.
[正]I want to tell you many pieces of good news.
[析]news 为不可数名词,但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词,因量词是可数名词,或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前作形容词,如:I want to tell you some pieces of good news.
[误]The teacher with five students are coming here.
[正]The teacher with five students is coming here.
[析]要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and有很大的区别,如:The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。
[误]There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.
[正]There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.
[析]information为不可数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.
[误]Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.
[正]Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.
[析]many a 加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为许多学生。
[误]The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.
[正]The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.
[析] 英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词,意为“布”,没有复数形式,而clothing是指衣物的 总称,也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服,但没有单数形式,如:This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装,如:a school dress 校服,an evening dress晚礼服。
[误]I like to study the English.
[正]I like to study English.
[析]作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词,如:I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.
[误]The Browns is going to visit China.
[正]The Browns are going to visit China.
[析]定冠词加姓加s,则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一家将要访问中国。
(三) 例题解析
1. Lucy and Lily___in the same class.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
[答案]C.
[析]由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。
2. Which is the ___to the bus stop, please?
A road B way C street D address
[答案]B.
[析] 这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到 达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如:There is a car running along the country road. ?I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum?
3. Hurry up!There is___ time left.
A little B a little C few D a few
[答案]A.
[析]因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,a few来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用a little.
4. How many ___can you see in the picture?
A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato
[答案]B.
[析]用How many提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.
5.— ___is the meat. Please?
— Ten yuan a kilo.
A How much B How many C How old D How long
[答案]A.
[析]由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用how much 提问。
6.The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is___.
A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green
[答案]A.
[析]英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.
7.Shanghai is one of the biggest___in our country.
A city B city's C citys D cities
[答案]D.
[析]复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。
8.Would you please pass me___?
A two paper B two papers
C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers
[答案]C.
[析]paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.
9.September 10th is ___Day.
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'
[答案]D.
10.I only have___ bread for lunch today.
A a bit B a bit of C little D few
[答案]B.
11.“What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two___.”
A glass of milk B glasses of milk
C glass of milks D glasses of milks
[答案]B.
12.There isn't ___ paper in the box. Will you go and get ___ for me?
A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any
[答案]A.
[析]any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any.
13.June 1st is___.
A Children's day B children's Day
C Children's Day D children's day
[答案]C.
14.These foreign friends are___.
A German B Germen C Germany D Germans
[答案]D.
15.All the students are busy, so___ of them will go to the cinema.
A many B little C a few D few
[答案]D.
[析]student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。
16.There are three___and seven___in the picture.
A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep
C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps
[析]deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。
17.Whose room is this? It's___.
A my B Kike's and John's
C our D Kike and John's
[答案]D.
[析]因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。
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